The types of programs that institutions are implementing in this area are diverse.  The STARS Pilot Project Results (pdf) includes the following examples (page 289). 

Sample programs at associate’s institutions:

• “[The internship program] gives ethnic underrepresented persons who are either graduate students or holders of graduate degrees an opportunity to gain experience teaching in a community college. It provides on-the-job training experiences, including teaching, course planning, student testing and evaluating, student advisement and related academic responsibilities. Each intern is assigned to a senior faculty member, who serves as mentor. [Participants in the program] may teach one or two courses a semester, at the base salary for an adjunct instructor plus a small stipend. The internship may be renewed for a second semester. The Internship has two goals: 1) To encourage talented underrepresented persons to consider a career in community college education; 2) To enhance the education of [institution] students by providing opportunities for them to learn from an ethnically-diverse faculty.”
• Community college partners with a local doctorate-granting university “to provide fellowships for minority students who are enrolled in doctoral programs at [the University]. [The University] provides tuition waivers and books (scholarships) and [the community college] provides practical teaching opportunities and compensation in a part-time capacity as they complete their doctoral program. The intent is for minority students who participate in this program to join [the community college] faculty as full time assistant professors upon completion of their terminal degree. [The program] has approximately 4 participants each term.”

Programs at baccalaureate institutions:

• The “College's Board of Trustees established a separate fund several years ago to promote hiring of minority faculty. At least two new faculty members have been hired under this initiative.”
• “The Dissertation Fellows Program is one of the College’s important faculty diversity initiatives. This program stems from a partnership with the Northeast Consortium on Faculty Diversity. The goal of the Consortium is to increase the diversity of the nation’s college and university faculties. The College currently admits two fellows per year into this program. The fellows can be selected into different departments as they follow a teaching, research and mentoring program during their time here.”
• The college hosts a dissertation and Post-MFA fellowship program. “The Fellowships are designed to promote diversity on college faculties by encouraging students from underrepresented groups to complete a terminal graduate degree and to pursue careers in college teaching. At present, the Fellowships are two-year residencies at [Institution], and three scholars or artists are appointed each year. Fellows devote the bulk of the first year to the completion of dissertation work—or in the case of MFA applicants, building their professional portfolios—while also teaching one course as a faculty member in one of the College's academic departments or programs. The second year of residency (ideally with degree in hand) is spent on academic career development while again teaching just one course. The fellows receive a stipend and full benefits, plus a research account, computer, office, and dedicated mentoring from senior colleagues.”

Example programs at doctorate-granting institutions

• “The Doctoral Enrichment Fellowship (DEF) is a graduate fellowship designed to support underrepresented students in their field of study. The department nominates students in the first year of their doctoral program. The Graduate College supports the DEF Fellows during the first year of their doctoral degree program with a $15,000 stipend, resident tuition, and non-resident fee award (if applicable). The students’ academic unit provides student health insurance in the first year. In the second year, the fellow’s academic unit will provide them with a TA or RA position, or financial equivalent.”
• A program at the university for women in science, technology, and engineering “has a faculty focus. [The program] offers postdoctoral research associates for academic diversity to provide women, particularly from under-represented groups, to prepare for faculty careers at [institution] or other academic institutions.”
• “The Graduate Division has a staff of Diversity Coordinators who are committed to increasing diversity on our campus through recruitment efforts and by supporting our continuing students as they work toward their academic goals.”
• Institution “participates in the NSF-funded AGEP (Alliance for Graduate Education and the Professoriate) program with the goal of increasing the number of underrepresented minority students earning doctorates in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), and eventually entering the professoriate”
• Institution has a program that “provides research training, mentoring, and skill development for economically and/or educationally disadvantaged undergraduate students from [the institution] and partner institutions throughout [the state] - with the goal of preparing students to competitively apply and complete for Ph.D. programs, preferably in the [state university system]”
• Institution offers “Graduate Diversity Fellowships for doctoral students.”

Example program at a master’s institution:

• “Each year, twelve to fifteen new undergraduate McNair Scholars are selected for two years of intensive mentoring, specialized seminars, collaborative research, and a paid summer research internship, all of which prepare them for graduate school. McNair Scholars include promising students from groups traditionally underrepresented in doctoral programs.”
• “The Faculty Minority Affairs committee offers a program which is intended to orient new faculty to resources on campus with a particular focus on diversity aims and supports.”